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Joan (or Juan) Montseny i Carret (also known under the pseudonym Federico Urales; 19 August 1864 —12 March 1942) was a Catalan anarchist.〔"Anarchism", in Helena Buffery and Elisenda Marcer. ''Historical Dictionary of the Catalans''. Scarecrow Press, 2010, ISBN 081085483X (p.39).〕 A tunnelling worker, he joined the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party in 1885. In 1888, he was appointed general secretary of the National Federation of tunnelling workers. Montseny married Soledad Gustavo (pseudonym of Teresa Mañé i Miravet), a secular teacher in Vilanova i la Geltrú, and the two became local figures of Anarchism in Reus. They had a daughter, Federica Montseny. Their political options made the authorities close down their school, and Joan Montseny was detained in Barcelona's Montjuïc. He took exile to the United Kingdom, returning under his assumed name. Settled in Madrid, he started publishing the newspaper ''La Revista Blanca'' in 1898. Although he benefitted from an amnesty, the paper was shut down in 1905. Montseny began working in agriculture, as well as writing literary pieces (essays, plays, and the novels ''La Novela Ideal'' - 1925, ''La Novela libre'' - 1929, ''El Luchador'' - 1931). In 1914, he declared himself in favor of Spanish participation in World War I. Together with his wife and their daughter, he started publishing a new version of ''La Revista Blanca'' in 1923. By the side of his daughter throughout the Spanish Civil War, Joan Montseny was forced to flee for France in 1939, as the troops of Francisco Franco defeated the remaining Republican armies. He died in an internment camp on 12 March 1942. == Thought == The individualist anarchism〔(Xavier Diez. L'anarquisme Individualista a Espanya 1923-1938 ) 〕 of Montseny was influenced by Auguste Comte, Charles Darwin, Ludwig Büchner and Ernst Haeckel.〔(Xavier Diez. L'anarquisme Individualista a Espanya 1923-1938 ) 〕 He saw science and reason as a defense against blind servitude to authority. He was critical of influential individualist thinkers such as Nietzsche and Stirner for promoting an asocial egoist individualism and instead promoted an individualism with solidarity as a way to guarantee social equality and harmony.〔(Xavier Diez. L'anarquisme Individualista a Espanya 1923-1938 ) 〕 His anarchism was a highly idealist one which tried to put itself above other causes and positions.〔(Xavier Diez. L'anarquisme Individualista a Espanya 1923-1938 ) 〕 In the subject of organization he was highly critical of anarcho-syndicalism as he saw it plagued by too much bureaucracy and tended towards reformism.〔(Xavier Diez. L'anarquisme Individualista a Espanya 1923-1938 ) 〕 Instead he favored small groups based on ideological alignement.〔(Xavier Diez. L'anarquisme Individualista a Espanya 1923-1938 ) 〕 He supported the establishmente of the Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI) in 1927 and participated in it.〔(Xavier Diez. L'anarquisme Individualista a Espanya 1923-1938 ) 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Juan Montseny Carret」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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